Penjelasan Chart : Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

A. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Rumus : Has/Have + V3

Has : dipakai untuk she dan he

Have : dipakai untuk I, you, we, they

V3 (past participle) : adalah bentuk kata kerja ketiga (V3) 

Contoh : go (V1) - went (V2) - gone (V3)

                        type (V1) - typed (V2) - typed (V3)

Kegunaan :

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai dimasa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini. Yang dipentingkan adalah HASIL dari yang dilakukan dan bukannya KAPAN kegiatan itu dilakukan.

He has typed 3 letters so far this morning.

(Dia telah mengetik 3 surat pagi ini ) hasil : ada 3 surat. 

B. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Rumus : Has/Have + been + Verb1-ing

Kegunaan :

• Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini.

         She has been typing letters all morning.

         (Dia mengetik surat sepanjang pagi - dan belum selesai).

• Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang baru saja berakhir dan akibatnya masih jelas sekarang. 

         He has been typing letters all morning so he is very tired.

         (Dia baru saja selesai mengetik surat dia kelihatan lelah).

Excercise : Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

Choose the correct form

Examples :

He (has typed / has been typing) 3 letters so far this morning.

She (has typed / has been typing) letters all morning.

1. They (have known / have been knowing) each other since childhood.
2. I'm sorry I'm late. (Have you waited / have you been waiting) long ?
3. I (have visited / have been visiting) that museum ten times so far.
4. I (have not seen / have not been seeing) my mother since last christmas.
5. They (have been working / have worked) on the project all this week. but they haven't finished it yet.
6. Look ! somebody (has broken / has been breaking) the window.
7. I (have worked / have been working) very hard lately.
8. They (have not spoken / have not been speaking) to each other since yesterday.
9. John (has tried / has been trying) to take me to the movie for the last three weeks.
10. She (has read / has been reading) 3 books. How many (have you read / have you been reading) ?

Answer Key

1. have known
2. have you been waiting
3. have visited
4. have not seen
5. have been working
6. has broken
7. have been working
8. have not spoken
9. has been trying
10. has read / have you read 

Source : Grammar Charts for TOEIC by Evelyn Rientje Elsjelyn